Legislature(2011 - 2012)BELTZ 105 (TSBldg)

03/16/2011 08:00 AM Senate EDUCATION


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08:02:58 AM Start
08:03:25 AM Presentation: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in School
09:01:26 AM Adjourn
* first hearing in first committee of referral
+ teleconferenced
= bill was previously heard/scheduled
Presentation:
+ Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in the Schools TELECONFERENCED
                    ALASKA STATE LEGISLATURE                                                                                  
              SENATE EDUCATION STANDING COMMITTEE                                                                             
                         March 16, 2011                                                                                         
                           8:02 a.m.                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
MEMBERS PRESENT                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
Senator Kevin Meyer, Co-Chair                                                                                                   
Senator Joe Thomas, Co-Chair                                                                                                    
Senator Bettye Davis, Vice Chair                                                                                                
Senator Hollis French                                                                                                           
Senator Gary Stevens                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
MEMBERS ABSENT                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
All members present                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                
COMMITTEE CALENDAR                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
PRESENTATION: FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDERS IN SCHOOL                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
     - HEARD                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
PREVIOUS COMMITTEE ACTION                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
No previous action to record                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
WITNESS REGISTER                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
CINDY ANDERSON, Director                                                                                                        
Special Education                                                                                                               
Anchorage School District                                                                                                       
Anchorage, Alaska                                                                                                               
POSITION  STATEMENT: Gave  an introduction  on the  impacts Fetal                                                             
Alcohol  Spectrum Disorders  (FASD)  has on  children and  adults                                                               
nationwide and  in Alaska and  answered questions  regarding FASD                                                               
in schools.                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
MARY ANDREWS, parent of child with FASD                                                                                         
Bethel, Alaska                                                                                                                  
POSITION STATEMENT: Shared her son's story and emphasized the                                                                 
importance of early intervention.                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
MONICA LEINBERGER, FASD Behavior Specialist                                                                                     
Lower Kuskokwim School District                                                                                                 
Kuskokwim, Alaska                                                                                                               
POSITION  STATEMENT: Shared  her  perspective, as  a teacher,  in                                                             
working with students  who have FASD and the  importance of early                                                               
intervention.                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
MINDY CASON, Student                                                                                                            
University of Alaska Anchorage (UAA)                                                                                            
Anchorage, Alaska                                                                                                               
POSITION STATEMENT: Shared her experiences  as a young adult with                                                             
FASD.                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
JEANNE GERHARDT-CYRUS, parent of child with FASD                                                                                
Kiana, Alaska                                                                                                                   
POSITION STATEMENT:  Shared her  daughter's story  and emphasized                                                             
the importance of early intervention.                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
DEB EVENSEN, Consultant                                                                                                         
FASD Education Statewide                                                                                                        
Anchorage, Alaska                                                                                                               
POSITION  STATEMENT:   Answered  questions  from   the  committee                                                             
regarding the  impacts of  FASD and  the systematic  changes that                                                               
need to be put into place regarding prevention and education.                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
ACTION NARRATIVE                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
8:02:58 AM                                                                                                                    
CO-CHAIR  KEVIN  MEYER  called   the  Senate  Education  Standing                                                             
Committee meeting  to order at 8:02  a.m. Present at the  call to                                                               
order  were Senators  French, Stevens,  Co-Chair  Thomas and  Co-                                                               
Chair Meyer. Senator Davis arrived shortly thereafter.                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
^Presentation: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in School                                                                       
    Presentation: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in School                                                                
                                                                                                                              
8:03:25 AM                                                                                                                    
CO-CHAIR MEYER announced  the order of business would  be to hear                                                               
a presentation on fetal alcohol  spectrum disorders (FASD) by the                                                               
Alaska FASD Partnership.                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
8:05:26 AM                                                                                                                    
CINDY  ANDERSON, Director,  Special  Education, Anchorage  School                                                               
District, said FASD includes a  range of disabilities caused when                                                               
a  developing fetus  is exposed  to alcohol.  It is  preventable.                                                               
FASD is  a lifelong disability and  can manifest in a  variety of                                                               
ways,  including: learning  disabilities,  memory problems,  poor                                                               
judgment,  impulsivity,   attention  deficit,   physical  issues,                                                               
cognitive  impairments,  and  severe emotional  disturbance.  She                                                               
noted that Alaska has the highest  per capita rate of FASD in the                                                               
United States.                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
She said  that she wanted to  give a few parents  the opportunity                                                               
to share their stories with the committee.                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
CO-CHAIR  MEYER noted  that Commissioner  Hanley  has joined  the                                                               
committee for the day's hearing.                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
8:07:20 AM                                                                                                                    
MARY  ANDREWS, parent  of a  child with  FASD, said  she is  here                                                               
today  with   her  son,   Terrell,  who   is  diagnosed   with  a                                                               
neurobehavioral disorder.  She explained that she  knew all along                                                               
that  he would  have  problems because  of  prenatal exposure  to                                                               
alcohol. She said  that she is here today to  share his story and                                                               
ask for the committee's support in FASD.                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
She said that  as an infant Terrell cried constantly.  As a young                                                               
child Terrell  could not  communicate well and  would cry  out of                                                               
frustration. In school he was behind  in many ways and by 4th and                                                               
5th grade he was no  longer bringing homework home. She explained                                                               
that during  this time  she began  attending FASD  meetings where                                                               
she  found  support from  other  parents  and received  training.                                                               
Terrell   is  doing   much  better   through  this   support  and                                                               
medication.   She  explained   that   while   Terrell  does   not                                                               
communicate  the  way that  she  wishes  he would  through  early                                                               
intervention she has the gained the  knowledge to help him in his                                                               
every day challenges.                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
8:10:06 AM                                                                                                                    
MONICA  LEINBERGER,  FASD  Behavior Specialist,  Lower  Kuskokwim                                                               
School  District, said  her district  is  fortunate because  many                                                               
districts  in Alaska  are not  able to  have a  special education                                                               
teacher  focused  on  this population  of  individuals.  Prenatal                                                               
exposure to  alcohol affects every individual  differently and it                                                               
is  life-long.  This means  that,  within  the classroom,  it  is                                                               
important to change  the classroom so that they  can succeed. She                                                               
explained  that  in the  classroom  students  like Terrell  can't                                                               
multitask, they  have to do  one task  at a time.  She emphasized                                                               
that as a special education  teacher she wants children with FASD                                                               
to be able  to point out what is upsetting  them. It is important                                                               
to change the environment around  these students in order to help                                                               
them succeed.                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
8:14:17 AM                                                                                                                    
MINDY CASON, Student, University  of Alaska Anchorage (UAA), said                                                               
her  story begins  in elementary  school when  she was  diagnosed                                                               
with  learning  disabilities.  She   noted  that  she  knew  that                                                               
something more was going on. She  explained that, as a child, she                                                               
was seen as defiant  and with a lack of drive.  As a teenager she                                                               
opted not  to receive special  education services because  it was                                                               
difficult  for her  to be  taken out  of regular  classes and  be                                                               
singled  out by  her peers.  She struggled  with the  high school                                                               
qualifying  exam and  had to  take  the SATs  eight times  before                                                               
receiving the  minimum scores to  attend college. While  taking a                                                               
break from school she worked  in prevention and intervention with                                                               
Volunteers of America. During a  training class on FASD, she said                                                               
that "every  bullet point  spoke to me."  She explained  that her                                                               
mother had  substance abuse issues but  it was not until  she was                                                               
21-years-old that she  realized she had FASD.  She explained that                                                               
within  those  21  years she  damaged  relationships,  made  poor                                                               
decisions  and did  not  follow directions  because  she did  not                                                               
understand the  directions. She  returned to  school in  2009 and                                                               
will graduate  on May 1, 2011  with a bachelor's degree.  She has                                                               
decided  to  apply  for  a  master's  degree  at  the  school  of                                                               
psychology  at   UAA.  She  stressed  the   importance  of  early                                                               
intervention for  children with FASD.  She explained that  if she                                                               
had received  more screening when  she was screened  for learning                                                               
disabilities  as a  young  child, she  could  have received  more                                                               
support and been  taught the coping skills that she  had to teach                                                               
herself. These skills took her many years to acquire.                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
CO-CHAIR MEYER asked what group she was last in Juneau with.                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS. CASEN replied with the Youth Summit.                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
8:19:06 AM                                                                                                                    
JEANNE GERHARDT-CYRUS, parent of a  child with FASD, said she and                                                               
her  husband  are  parents to  multiple  children  with  prenatal                                                               
exposure to alcohol. She said  that there is a difference between                                                               
supported success  and independent failure for  both students and                                                               
teachers.  She  explained  that   for  her  daughter  Ivory,  her                                                               
experience  in  primary  school   was  of  building  frustration,                                                               
diminished  communication and  a decreased  ability to  cope. She                                                               
explained that  upon her daughter's  removal from school  she was                                                               
taken away  from the social aspects  of life. She said  when they                                                               
have  supportive success  it is  completely  different. She  said                                                               
that   FASD  needs   to  be   addressed   in  special   education                                                               
classifications,  like autism.  She added  that now  her daughter                                                               
has increased communication  and accommodations, with individuals                                                               
who  are trained  to aid  in these  accommodations. She  stressed                                                               
that teachers  need to be trained  in FASD and that  they need to                                                               
be supportive.  She noted that  it is not just  about educational                                                               
success, it  is about lifelong success.  Early intervention would                                                               
have been helpful for all of her children.                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
She read a  statement from her daughter: "Hello my  name is Ivory                                                               
Dominica Gerhardt-Cyrus. I  never had a challenge  before, but my                                                               
teachers are very nice to me."                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
8:24:26 AM                                                                                                                    
MS.  ANDERSON  agreed that  the  types  of services  provided  to                                                               
students,  provides success.  She  explained  that the  Anchorage                                                               
School  District  (ASD)  hired  a consultant,  Deb  Evensen,  who                                                               
provides training and  support to ASD staff on  FASD. Ms. Evensen                                                               
does "talking  head training"  along with  demonstration teaching                                                               
and  mentorships which  allows  teachers to  practice the  skills                                                               
that they  have learned. Next  year they will continue  giving as                                                               
much  support as  possible. These  "talking  head" trainings  are                                                               
also filmed so  that other teachers can access  the trainings and                                                               
help support their students. She  noted that ASD has also assured                                                               
that within their curriculum for  high school students that there                                                               
is an  emphasis on  teaching the  effects of  alcohol consumption                                                               
during pregnancy.  She said the  hope is that students  will make                                                               
better decisions as they move  into adulthood and parenthood. ASD                                                               
also has  a STEP  [Student Educator  and Parents]  Center library                                                               
section  on   FASD,  which   parents,  students,   teachers,  and                                                               
community members  can check  out. She stressed  that there  is a                                                               
need to continue that level  of support and build capacity within                                                               
ASD.  She  noted  that  the   district  has  also  been  training                                                               
individual  schools  for  inclusive  practices.  With  the  right                                                               
supports  in  academics  and  behaviors,   all  children  can  be                                                               
successful in a general classroom.                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
She  stressed  that the  skills  gained  by teachers  to  support                                                               
children  with   FASD  support  all  students.   The  ability  to                                                               
differentiate  instruction and  provide  accommodations to  build                                                               
success  is  critical  to increasing  test  scores,  meeting  AYP                                                               
[Adequate Yearly  Progress], and teaching skills  to students for                                                               
success in life.                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
8:27:57 AM                                                                                                                    
DEB EVENSEN,  FASD Education  Consultant, said  for the  last two                                                               
years  she  has been  involved  as  a  consultant with  ASD.  She                                                               
explained that there are two  important things that are needed in                                                               
order  to  increase  the  capacity  to  deal  with  FASD.  First,                                                               
everyone needs to  understand FASD. She noted  that most students                                                               
with FASD are not in special  education at this time. Second, the                                                               
education system needs  to understand FASD. She  stressed that it                                                               
is  important  to  tweak  the  system from  the  inside  so  that                                                               
students can be  helped in each grade level  to become successful                                                               
in their adult  life. She said that  if there is any  way for the                                                               
legislature  to help  get a  FASD  expert in  each district  this                                                               
would change  the education system  in the state. Alaska  has the                                                               
ability to  take the next step  forward and teach the  system how                                                               
to work  with individuals  with this  disability. She  noted that                                                               
individuals with FASD are out  of sync chronologically with their                                                               
peers. She  said that throughout  Alaska they are losing  many of                                                               
these students by middle school.                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
8:32:35 AM                                                                                                                    
MS.  ANDERSON  concluded  that  those with  FASD  have  a  higher                                                               
likelihood   of   depression,   substance   abuse,   perpetuating                                                               
problems, serving  time in jail,  becoming homeless,  or suicide.                                                               
She  noted that  early  diagnosis allows  families, schools,  and                                                               
communities   to   work    together   and   address   prevention,                                                               
intervention, and ongoing support.                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
CO-CHAIR  THOMAS  asked if  it  is  generally accepted  that  the                                                               
earlier a child's diagnosis the better the outcome.                                                                             
                                                                                                                                
MS. ANDERSON  replied yes. She  said that being able  to diagnose                                                               
early  and  understand  what  the   disability  is  is  extremely                                                               
important. Currently,  in order to  diagnose a student  there are                                                               
14  different  categories  of special  education  identification,                                                               
FASD is  not one of them.  She explained that trying  to find the                                                               
right services for  these students can be  very difficult. Having                                                               
the correct diagnosis  early on is extremely  helpful in teaching                                                               
them the skills that will allow them to be successful.                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
CO-CHAIR THOMAS  noted that  she is  discussing children  who are                                                               
already  in school.  He  asked if  it is  possible  to make  this                                                               
diagnosis right after birth.                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS.  ANDERSON answered  that there  are assessments  that can  be                                                               
done  early on.  She  explained  that one  of  the  best ways  to                                                               
identify FASD is  for a family to disclose that  a child has been                                                               
exposed  to  alcohol  prenatally.   ASD  does  provide  preschool                                                               
services for ages  3-5 where students can  be provided additional                                                               
support  and  services. She  noted  that  often what  happens  is                                                               
students with FASD are not  identified right away, do not receive                                                               
services  in preschool,  and step  into kindergarten  without any                                                               
previous help.                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
CO-CHAIR THOMAS said 16.2 percent  of urine samples obtained from                                                               
pregnant women  in labor in  Alaska tested positive for  drugs or                                                               
alcohol.  He asked  if there  is an  issue with  this information                                                               
being passed along or the parents counseled at that point.                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
MR.  ANDERSON   replied  that  this  information   would  not  be                                                               
disclosed  to  anyone outside  of  the  hospital's medical  staff                                                               
unless a parent agreed.                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
8:36:57 AM                                                                                                                    
MS. EVENSEN  answered that right  now there are parents  that may                                                               
not  have or  want to  get the  medical diagnosis  for FASD.  She                                                               
explained  that  many parents  do  not  want  to deal  with  this                                                               
because they  do not believe it  will make a difference  and will                                                               
shame them.  She said  that, as an  educational system,  they are                                                               
handicapped  when  they  don't  know what  the  problem  is.  She                                                               
stressed  that when  the system  is ready  to accept  this issue,                                                               
parents will bring them this information.                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
CO-CHAIR THOMAS  commented that this  is after the  situation has                                                               
already occurred. He asked what the  system can do to prevent the                                                               
situation.                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
MS. EVENSEN  replied that  the individuals who  are the  most at-                                                               
risk  of having  children  with FASD  are  typically people  with                                                               
unidentified FASD. She explained  that helping people who already                                                               
have FASD is the best step towards prevention.                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
8:39:23 AM                                                                                                                    
MS.  GERHARDT-CYRUS   said  "without  intervention  we   have  no                                                               
prevention."  She   explained  that   individuals  who   are  not                                                               
completing their education  are more likely to  become parents at                                                               
a  younger  age and  use  substances  to  cope with  the  chronic                                                               
frustration.  She added  that once  things are  going well  for a                                                               
child  with FASD  it is  important  that these  supports are  not                                                               
taken away. FASD is a lifelong disability.                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
MS.  EVENSEN noted  that adult  life  is the  most difficult  for                                                               
individuals with this disability.                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
CO-CHAIR  MEYER said  he  understands it  must  be difficult  for                                                               
adults with  FASD. He added that  for children with FASD  it must                                                               
be even more  difficult, because kids are so hard  on each other.                                                               
He asked how  schools deal with children being pulled  out of the                                                               
classroom and labeled as different.                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                
8:42:11 AM                                                                                                                    
MS. LEINBERGER said that there  are unobtrusive ways for children                                                               
to receive  these services,  which can also  help their  peers as                                                               
well.  She explained  that it  depends  on each  child and  where                                                               
their deficits are. For example, if  a child is far below reading                                                               
than  their  same-age  peers  then they  may  get  some  pull-out                                                               
services  specifically  for  reading.  She stressed  that  it  is                                                               
important to  mold the environment  around the child  rather than                                                               
segregating  them  even  further  by  pulling  them  out  of  the                                                               
classroom all the time.                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
CO-CHAIR MEYER noted that this  takes a very talented teacher. He                                                               
asked Ms.  Cason for confirmation that  she did not know  she was                                                               
impacted by FAS  [fetal alcohol syndrome] until she  was 21 years                                                               
old.                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
MS. CASON replied yes.                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
CO-CHAIR  MEYER asked  whether  knowing this  in  junior high  or                                                               
elementary school would have been beneficial.                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
MS. CASON replied that it  would have been beneficial because she                                                               
knew that there  was something else going on  outside of learning                                                               
disabilities. She explained,  for instance, that she  had all the                                                               
steps  to learn  how to  read, but  her brain  could not  process                                                               
those  steps.  She continued  that  as  an  adult this  has  been                                                               
difficult as well.  When it comes to basic job  skills she has to                                                               
ask a  lot of questions in  order to understand the  job. Because                                                               
of this she has been fired from  a number of jobs. She noted that                                                               
if she  discloses that she  has a  disability she often  will not                                                               
receive a phone  call regarding that job. She said  "it's kind of                                                               
a catch-22 for  me." She noted in regards to  relationships as an                                                               
adult, her  disability is  noticeable. It  is not  something that                                                               
goes away.  She explained that  she struggles  with communication                                                               
and understanding the boundaries of other individuals.                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
8:46:30 AM                                                                                                                    
CO-CHAIR MEYER asked how individuals are diagnosed for FASD.                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MS. EVENSEN answered  that it is a medical diagnosis  by a doctor                                                               
who  has  been  trained  specifically  for this.  It  is  a  very                                                               
specific diagnosis that is precise  and scientifically sound. She                                                               
said that  "we know how to  diagnose it and know  what they need.                                                               
We just don't know how to do it as a system."                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
CO-CHAIR MEYER asked if these doctors are available in Alaska.                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
MS.  GERHARDT-CYRUS replied  that there  are diagnostic  teams in                                                               
Alaska. She noted that North  Slope, Northwest Arctic, and Bering                                                               
Straits do not  have diagnostic teams available.  The Alaska FASD                                                               
Partnership is  currently looking  into this. She  clarified that                                                               
FAS is  a medical  diagnosis and the  other diagnoses  come under                                                               
the umbrella  of FASD.  FAS include the  lowest amount  of people                                                               
that are impacted.                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
MS. EVENSEN noted  that all of these diagnoses  involve the brain                                                               
and are permanent.                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
MS. GERHARDT-CYRUS added that school  success is not always about                                                               
academic  functioning.   She  explained  that  the   majority  of                                                               
individuals with  prenatal exposure to alcohol  do not experience                                                               
mental retardation or cognitive  impairment. However, it is often                                                               
through processing and behavioral  issues that brings children to                                                               
light  in the  classroom. Once  this is  recognized teachers  and                                                               
aides  can  provide the  right  support  and teach  children  the                                                               
necessary   skills  for   the  classroom,   the  workforce,   and                                                               
relationships.                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
8:50:19 AM                                                                                                                    
SENATOR  STEVENS  asked  what  the legislature  can  do  to  help                                                               
prevent FASD and educate children before they become parents.                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
MS.  ANDERSON replied  that included  in the  document packet  is                                                               
some priorities  for the Alaska  FASD Partnership.  This includes                                                               
assisting families  who have FASD,  maintaining the  family unit,                                                               
early intervention, testing, and assessments.                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
MS. LEINBERGER  answered that alcohol  is such a huge  problem in                                                               
the state  of Alaska.  She said  that starting  with intervention                                                               
with the  birth mothers in  order to prevent future  children who                                                               
are  prenatally exposed  to alcohol  is an  important start.  She                                                               
stressed  that it  is important  to continue  giving support  and                                                               
education to  mothers who can  then advocate for  their children.                                                               
She  continued that  it  is important  to  support teachers.  She                                                               
recommended that when  a teacher renews their  teaching license a                                                               
mandatory class on FASD be  included. Finally, it is important to                                                               
have a teacher in every  district who is available year-round and                                                               
can provide training on FASD.                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
MS. EVENSEN added that through  her experiences working in Canada                                                               
with  adults living  with FASD  she realized  that she  wanted to                                                               
return to  Alaska and help  schools recognize FASD.  She stressed                                                               
that the  system needs  to recognize FASD  in adults  and support                                                               
these individuals as well.                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
8:57:05 AM                                                                                                                    
MS. ANDREWS  said "we  don't know  what they  go through  and how                                                               
they feel." She  explained that her step son did  not finish high                                                               
school and  could not hold a  job. Through the poor  choices that                                                               
he made  his life ended  at a very  young age. She  stressed that                                                               
early intervention can really help.                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                
CO-CHAIR MEYER  said he appreciates the  testifiers for educating                                                               
the committee  on FASD. He  recognized how challenging it  is for                                                               
the teachers,  the schools  systems, and  the students.  He asked                                                               
about  the Slingerland  program taught  at the  Baxter Elementary                                                               
School in Anchorage and if this  tool helps children learn how to                                                               
read.                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
MS. ANDERSON replied yes. She  added that ASD's special education                                                               
program has  purchased "The  Language Program,"  which is  one of                                                               
the top reading  programs across the nation.  She  said there are                                                               
multiple options for  teaching and they are  looking at research-                                                               
based curriculum that will allow all students to be successful.                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
9:01:26 AM                                                                                                                    
There being  no further  business to  come before  the committee,                                                               
Co-Chair Meyer adjourned the meeting at 9:01 a.m.                                                                               

Document Name Date/Time Subjects
FASD Docs 1.pdf SEDC 3/16/2011 8:00:00 AM
FASD Docs 2.pdf SEDC 3/16/2011 8:00:00 AM
FASD Docs 3.pdf SEDC 3/16/2011 8:00:00 AM
FASD Addendum 1.docx SEDC 3/16/2011 8:00:00 AM
FASD Addendum 2.docx SEDC 3/16/2011 8:00:00 AM